Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Overview
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects women during their reproductive years. It occurs when hormonal imbalances interfere with normal ovulation and ovarian function, leading to a range of symptoms that can affect physical health, emotional wellbeing, and fertility.
The condition affects women differently. Some primarily experience irregular menstrual cycles, while others struggle with skin changes, weight management, excess hair growth, or difficulty becoming pregnant. PCOS is also associated with long-term health considerations such as diabetes and cardiovascular risk.
The goal is to manage symptoms, support reproductive goals, reduce the risk of long-term complications, and improve overall wellbeing through personalised care and ongoing support.
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary considerably from one woman to another. You may experience:
- Irregular menstrual periods
- Infrequent or absent periods
- Difficulty becoming pregnant
- Excess facial or body hair growth
- Acne or oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair or hair loss from the scalp
- Darkened areas of skin, particularly around the neck or underarms
- Multiple small follicles seen on the ovaries during ultrasound
Some women may have only a few symptoms, while others experience symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life.
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. You may be at higher risk if you:
- Have a family history of PCOS
- Have a close relative with diabetes
- Have insulin resistance
- Are overweight or obese
- Have a history of irregular menstrual cycles
These factors may influence hormonal balance and ovarian function.
When to Seek Care
You should seek medical advice if you:
- Have irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Experience difficulty becoming pregnant
- Develop excess hair growth or troublesome acne
- Notice unexplained weight changes
- Have concerns about hormonal health
- Experience symptoms affecting your confidence or wellbeing
Emergency Symptoms
PCOS itself does not usually require emergency treatment. However, seek immediate medical care if you experience:
- Severe pelvic or abdominal pain
- Heavy vaginal bleeding causing dizziness or fainting
- Symptoms of very high blood sugar, such as confusion or severe dehydration
- Sudden worsening of abdominal symptoms
Prevention
PCOS cannot always be prevented. However, healthy lifestyle measures may help reduce symptom severity and lower the risk of associated complications. You can support your wellbeing by:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Following a balanced diet
- Engaging in regular physical activity
- Attending routine medical reviews
- Seeking assessment for menstrual irregularities early
- Following recommended treatment and follow-up plans
Support Services
Managing PCOS often requires multidisciplinary support aimed at addressing both immediate symptoms and long-term health. You may benefit from:
- Medication and treatment monitoring
- Nutritional guidance
- Weight management support
- Counselling and emotional wellbeing support
- Fertility counselling and referral where appropriate
- Follow-up care and monitoring
- Referral coordination where needed
This coordinated approach helps support hormonal balance, reproductive health, and overall quality of life.